Energy Management and Recycling Mechanisms for Degradable Electronic Devices: A Comprehensive Framework for Sustainable Technology Integration in Circular Economy Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71222/gy96z072Keywords:
sustainable electronics, biodegradable materials, triboelectric nanogenerators, electronic waste recycling, energy harvesting, lifecycle assessmentAbstract
The strongest environmental issue of the newest technology era is the increasing e-waste issue, doubling from 62 million tonnes in 2022 to an approximate 82 million tonnes in 2030. This has been increasing at a progressively higher rate. The current book presents a comprehensive overview of energy management process and decomposable electronics recycling facilities with a mixed-method approach integrating quantitative performance measures and qualitative aspects of sustainability. Based on thorough analysis of 247 top-referenced, peer-reviewed articles published in top-tier journals (2022-2025) and market trends from 15 nations, we tested technology maturity and commerciality of top three energy harvesting mechanisms: piezoelectric material with the maximum power density of 5.2 W/m², triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with the maximum power density of 7.11 W/m², and photovoltaic material with indoor maximum power density of 7.95 mW/cm². Our extensive discussion of recycling technology indicates state-of-the-art chemical recycling technology has 65% material recovery of battery resources and controlled biodegradation has reproducible period from 7 days to 24 weeks in optimized thermophilic conditions (55-58°C). Asia-Pacific regional environmental footprint signifies Asia-Pacific generates 48.4% of world e-waste and official e-waste recycling rates of 22.3% with no value added to it in the era of technological innovation. Economic modeling implies deployable biodegradable electronics have the ability to provide 67% carbon savings over conventional devices, whereas market data suggests growth of the biodegradable electronic market from $861 million (2025) to $1.56 billion by 2030, whereas the overall sustainable electronics manufacturing business is escalating from $15.33 billion (2025) to $68.35 billion by 2032. Research status determines major technology issues like temperature stability limits (60°C milestone), humidity sensitivity problems, and standardization protocol loopholes in forming an integrated framework for energy-autonomous degradable electronics in circular economy systems with quantifiable environmental and economic impacts.
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