Design of a Laser Beam Pointing Stabilization System Based on Dual-Level Feedback for 4-Axis PZT Interlock Control

Abstract

To enhance the pointing stability of laser beams in precision optical systems, this study develops a four-axis piezoelectric (PZT)-driven interlinked control architecture equipped with a dual-stage feedback mechanism. The system is designed to suppress multi-axis disturbances that typically degrade beam alignment accuracy in high-frequency operational environments. A coupled mathematical model describing the dynamic interaction between the laser beam and mirror frame is established, forming the foundation for precise motion control analysis. Based on this model, an inverse matrix decoupling algorithm is integrated to compensate for cross-axis coupling effects, thereby enabling real-time fine-tuning of each control channel. The system's dynamic response characteristics are comprehensively analyzed through both simulation and experimental validation, focusing on tracking accuracy, frequency response, and long-term drift behavior. Experimental results indicate that the proposed control system maintains sub-micron beam stability even under high-frequency and multi-directional disturbances. The control loop demonstrates excellent repeatability, minimal overshoot, and strong immunity to environmental vibration and thermal fluctuation. Compared with conventional single-axis or uncoupled PZT control methods, the proposed interlinked configuration exhibits faster convergence, higher positioning precision, and improved disturbance rejection capability. These advantages confirm that the developed system meets the stringent requirements of advanced laser applications, such as beam steering, optical communication alignment, and high-precision material processing in complex operational conditions. The research provides a reliable reference for designing multi-axis active stabilization systems in next-generation high-performance laser platforms.